<\/a>How to create and delete a cluster<\/h2>\nClusters are the holy grail of Kubernetes. Clusters comprise containers with all the runtime resources needed to run applications in different operating systems.<\/p>\n
Use the following command to create a default Kind cluster:<\/p>\n
kind create cluster<\/pre>\nThe above command will create a default cluster called kind. If you want to use a specific name, add the --name<\/code> flag to the kind create cluster<\/code> command. Here is an example:<\/p>\nkind create cluster --name simple-cluster<\/pre>\nThe Kind create command has the following arguments and options<\/p>\n
\n--quiet<\/code>: this flag silences all stderr output.<\/li>\n--verbosity int32<\/code>: This flag will log verbosity information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWhen your cluster has been created successfully, you will get the following output:<\/p>\n
Creating cluster \"simple-cluster\" ...\r\n\u2022 Ensuring node image (kindest\/node:v1.21.1) \ud83d\uddbc ...\r\n\u2713 Ensuring node image (kindest\/node:v1.21.1) \ud83d\uddbc\r\n\u2022 Preparing nodes \ud83d\udce6 ...\r\n\u2713 Preparing nodes \ud83d\udce6\r\n\u2022 Writing configuration \ud83d\udcdc ...\r\n\u2713 Writing configuration \ud83d\udcdc\r\n\u2022 Starting control-plane \ud83d\udd79\ufe0f ...\r\n\u2713 Starting control-plane \ud83d\udd79\ufe0f\r\n\u2022 Installing CNI \ud83d\udd0c ...\r\n\u2713 Installing CNI \ud83d\udd0c\r\n\u2022 Installing StorageClass \ud83d\udcbe ...\r\n\u2713 Installing StorageClass \ud83d\udcbe\r\nSet kubectl context to \"kind-simple-cluster\"<\/pre>\nAfter you have created your cluster, use the following command to check if the cluster has been created successfully or get the list of all Kind clusters running:<\/p>\n
kind get clusters<\/pre>\nIf you want to interact with a specific cluster locally. Use the following command and specify the name of the cluster (kind-<cluster-name>):<\/p>\n
kubectl cluster-info --context kind-simple-cluster<\/pre>\nYou will get the following output which shows you where the Kubernetes control plane and CoreDNS are running at:<\/p>\n
Kubernetes control plane is running at https:\/\/127.0.0.1:2450\r\nCoreDNS is running at https:\/\/127.0.0.1:2450\/api\/v1\/namespaces\/kube-system\/services\/kube-dns:dns\/proxy<\/pre>\nThe cluster’s configuration access will be stored in the ${HOME}\/.kube\/config file. This file acts as your cluster’s manifest. Here is the configuration access of the default Kind cluster created earlier:<\/p>\n
apiVersion: v1\r\nclusters:\r\n- cluster:\r\n certificate-authority-data:\r\n server: https:\/\/127.0.0.1:2474\r\n name: kind-kind\r\ncontexts:\r\n- context:\r\n cluster: kind-kind\r\n user: kind-kind\r\n name: kind-kind\r\ncurrent-context: kind-kind\r\nkind: Config\r\npreferences: {}\r\nusers:\r\n- name: kind-kind\r\n user:\r\n client-certificate-data:\r\n client-key-data:<\/pre>\nA corresponding Docker container will be created automatically when creating a Kind cluster. Use the following docker command to see the corresponding docker container:<\/p>\n
docker ps<\/pre>\nYou will get the following information:<\/p>\n
CONTAINER ID: 22add82af339\r\nIMAGE: kindest\/node:v1.21.1\r\nCOMMAND:\"\/usr\/local\/bin\/entr...\"\r\nCREATED: About an hour ago\r\nSTATUS: Up About an hour\r\nPORTS: 127.0.0.1:2450->6443\/tcp NAMES:simple-cluster-control-plane<\/pre>\nTo view nodes created by the cluster, use the following command to view them:<\/p>\n
kubectl get nodes<\/pre>\nYou will get the following information:<\/p>\n
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION\r\nsimple-cluster-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 89m v1.21.1<\/pre>\nUse the following command to delete a cluster:<\/p>\n
kind delete cluster<\/pre>\nAfter the cluster has been successfully deleted, you will get the following information:<\/p>\n
Deleting cluster \"kind\" ...<\/pre>\nTo delete a cluster without the default name, use the –name flag.<\/p>\n
How to create a cluster with multiple nodes<\/h2>\n
A Kubernetes node is a virtual machine that runs a cluster. There are two types of nodes which are:<\/p>\n
\n- Worker node: A worker node executes and runs applications and containers assigned to it.<\/li>\n
- control-plane: A control-plane controls all the worker nodes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
You\u2019ll need a YAML file that defines the nodes when creating a multi-node cluster.<\/p>\n
A node can also be a physical machine. To add more nodes to your cluster, start by creating a cluster and adding different roles of nodes you want to add to your cluster. Save the following in kind-config.yaml.<\/p>\n
kind: Cluster\r\napiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io\/v1alpha4\r\nnodes:\r\n- role: control-plane\r\n- role: worker\r\n- role: worker<\/pre>\nAfter saving the YAML file that has the above contents. Use the following command to apply changes:<\/p>\n
kind create cluster --name best-cluster --config kind-config.yaml<\/pre>\nYou will get the following output; this time the output will show that Kind is creating multiple nodes and show that it is joining worker nodes at the bottom of the output:<\/p>\n
Creating cluster \"best-cluster\" ...\r\n\u2022 Ensuring node image (kindest\/node:v1.21.1) \ud83d\uddbc ...\r\n\u2713 Ensuring node image (kindest\/node:v1.21.1) \ud83d\uddbc\r\n\u2022 Preparing nodes \ud83d\udce6 \ud83d\udce6 \ud83d\udce6 ...\r\n\u2713 Preparing nodes \ud83d\udce6 \ud83d\udce6 \ud83d\udce6\r\n\u2022 Writing configuration \ud83d\udcdc ...\r\n\u2713 Writing configuration \ud83d\udcdc\r\n\u2022 Starting control-plane \ud83d\udd79\ufe0f ...\r\n\u2713 Starting control-plane \ud83d\udd79\ufe0f\r\n\u2022 Installing CNI \ud83d\udd0c ...\r\n\u2713 Installing CNI \ud83d\udd0c\r\n\u2022 Installing StorageClass \ud83d\udcbe ...\r\n\u2713 Installing StorageClass \ud83d\udcbe\r\n\u2022 Joining worker nodes \ud83d\ude9c ...\r\n\u2713 Joining worker nodes \ud83d\ude9c\r\n\r\nSet kubectl context to \"kind-best-cluster\"<\/pre>\nYou can now use your cluster with: <\/p>\n
kubectl cluster-info --context kind-best-cluster\r\nThanks for using kind! \ud83d\ude0a<\/pre>\nTo check if the nodes have been created successfully and are ready, execute the following command:<\/p>\n
kubectl get nodes<\/pre>\nYou will get the following output:<\/p>\n
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION\r\nbest-cluster-control-plane Ready control-plane,master 4m59s v1.21.1\r\nbest-cluster-worker NotReady <none> 90s v1.21.1\r\nbest-cluster-worker2 NotReady <none> 90s v1.21.1<\/pre>\nHow to create a service<\/h2>\n
A Kubernetes service is used to expose your cluster and connect with authorized traffic outside your cluster. An ingress controller is a type of load balancer service that routes traffic to your service.<\/p>\n
The following YAML file creates a pod, service, and the ingress controller objects. The service will receive traffic through the 5678<\/em> port. The ingress controller version is set to networking.k8s.io\/v1<\/code>.<\/p>\nStart by creating a YAML file that will define and configure the service. Add the following content to the YAML file:<\/p>\n
kind: Pod\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n name: best-cluster\r\n labels:\r\n app: best-cluster\r\nspec:\r\n containers:\r\n - name: best-cluster\r\n image: hashicorp\/http-echo:0.2.3\r\n args:\r\n - \"-You just deployed your first service\"\r\n---\r\nkind: Service\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n name: simple-service\r\nspec:\r\n selector:\r\n app: best-cluster\r\n ports:\r\n # Default port used by the image\r\n - port: 5678\r\n---\r\napiVersion: networking.k8s.io\/v1\r\nkind: Ingress\r\nmetadata:\r\n name: simple-ingress\r\nspec:\r\n rules:\r\n - http:\r\n paths:\r\n - pathType: Prefix\r\n path: \"\/simple\"\r\n backend:\r\n service:\r\n name: simple-service\r\n port:\r\n number: 5678\r\n---<\/pre>\nAfter saving your YAML file, use the following command to deploy the service:<\/p>\n
kubectl apply -f simple-service.yaml<\/pre>\nExecute the following command to check if the service is running:<\/p>\n
kubectl get services<\/pre>\nYou will get the following output:<\/p>\n
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE\r\nkubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443\/TCP 72m\r\nsimple-service ClusterIP 10.96.245.41 <none> 5678\/TCP 56s<\/pre>\nThe above output shows that your cluster is now ready to receive traffic from outside the cluster through the service you just created.<\/p>\n
How to export cluster logs<\/h2>\n
Kubernetes logs give you visibility on how your cluster performs. Some vulnerabilities and defects will be identified when inspecting and auditing logs. Kind has the following command that is used to export cluster logs to your desired directory on your pc:<\/p>\n
kind export logs C:\\Users\\redgate<\/pre>\nThe above command will give you the following output, exporting logs of the default cluster. Use the –name flag if you have named the cluster something else:<\/p>\n
Exporting logs for cluster “kind” to:
\nC:\\Users\\redgate<\/p>\n
The structure of the logs will look like this in the folder you exported them to<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500\u2500 docker-info.txt\r\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 kind-control-plane\/ \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 containers \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 docker.log \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 inspect.json \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 journal.log \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 kubelet.log \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u251c\u2500\u2500 kubernetes-\r\nversion.txt\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 pods\/<\/pre>\nConclusion<\/h2>\n
In this article you have learned:<\/p>\n
\n- How to install Kind on Windows.<\/li>\n
- How to create a cluster using Kind.<\/li>\n
- How to create a cluster with multiple nodes.<\/li>\n
- How to create a service.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
The above skills are enough to get you started with the journey of creating Kubernetes clusters using Kind. You can advance your Kubernetes skills on the Kubernetes official page here<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kubernetes production clusters are typically run on cloud platforms. However, running and deploying Kubernetes applications on cloud platforms such as Google Kubernetes Engine is costly. These high costs can restrict the Kubernetes learning process for beginners. However, running Kubernetes clusters locally helps you efficiently test applications without disrupting the production environment or paying for cloud……<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":339670,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[143513,53],"tags":[95506],"coauthors":[146048],"class_list":["post-94067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-containers-and-virtualization","category-featured","tag-automate"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/339670"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94067"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94234,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94067\/revisions\/94234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94067"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.red-gate.com\/simple-talk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=94067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}